Saturday, November 30, 2019

Western Enlight Essay Example For Students

Western Enlight Essay Based on Rousseau’s criticism of Enlightenment ideas, the French Revolution did and did not implement the ways of the Enlightenment. Rousseau sees a number of problems within the thinking of the Enlightenment, preferably when dealing with the arts and sciences. It is for this reason alone that the French Revolution in actuality did not implement the ideas of the Enlightenment. In fact, all of the actions that took place in the French Revolution totally came into agreement with the theories of Rousseau. However after the Revolution and still today, those Enlightenment theories are a main stay in everyday life. The Enlightenment itself was a period of pure reason and rational, where people were to emphasize the right to self expression and human fulfillment, as well as the right to think freely and express their views publicly without being scrutinized. They did this through science and other forms of art, two things, which according to Rousseau are no way of finding virtue. Of course when applying the sciences there are certain outcomes and answers to certain problems. We will write a custom essay on Western Enlight specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One thing many forget is the possibility of error. According to Rousseau, error is a huge problem when dealing with the sciences. In his First Discourse Rousseau states, â€Å"What false paths when investigating the sciences! How many errors, a thousand times more dangerous than the truth is useful, must be surmounted in order to reach the truth? The disadvantage is evident, for falsity is susceptible of infinite combinations, where as truth has only one form. Besides, who seeks it sincerely? Even with the best intentions, by what signs is one certain to recognize it? In this multitude of opinions, what will be our criteria to judge it properly? And hardest of all, if by luck we finally find it, who among us will know how to make good use of the truth? † (Rousseau, 49) This is a really good point. With all of the so-called enlightened thinkers trying to find out the truth, there is obviously going to be an array of different answers. Some of them could be wrong, better yet, all of them could be wrong; but who’s to judge. Since we don’t know of the truth, there is absolutely no way to prove that someone has found it. Last but not least, according to the end of Rousseau’s quote, if it is found there is not one person who would know how to apply that truth to everyday life. This now brings us to bash number two on the Enlightenment thought. People go through all sorts of schooling to learn what, math, history, and science. That’s all good, but in the search of truth that type of knowledge will not get a person anywhere, â€Å" Cultivating the sciences is very harmful to moral qualities. I see everywhere-immense institutions where young people are brought up at a great expense, learning everything except their duties. Your children will not know their own language, but will speak others that are nowhere in use; they will know how to write verses that they can barely understand; without knowing how to distinguish error from truth, they will possess the art of making them unrecognizable to others by specious arguments. But they will not know what the words magnanimity, equity, temperance, humanity, and courage are; that sweet name fatherland will never strike their ear; and if they here of God, it will be less to be awed by him than to be afraid of him. What then should they learn? Let them learn what they ought to do as men and not what they should forget. † (Rousseau, 56) If the Enlightenment is all about finding the truth through reason and human understanding only, the sciences themselves are sending this whole movement into the wrong direction. According to some of the greatest thinkers such as Socrates, and Plato, the real way to finding the truth is through virtue, or the good life. This schooling, according to Rousseau is a manipulative way of creating false truths in the minds of children. .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 , .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 .postImageUrl , .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 , .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72:hover , .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72:visited , .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72:active { border:0!important; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72:active , .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72 .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue33d5ed91be345264124e375638acf72:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Counter Reformation EssayInstead of learning morals, and learning how to be good, courageous and stand up people, the sciences are showing young ones how to formulate the truth, rather than teaching them how to live a good life and find the truth out for themselves. Rousseau’s next criticism of the Enlightenment, is one that fits real well with the world today. Rousseau insists that any form of Enlightenment produces luxury, â€Å"Granted that luxury is a sure sign of wealth; that it even serves, if you like, to increase wealth. What conclusion must be drawn from this paradox so worthy of our time, and what will become of virtue when one must get rich at any price? (Rousseau, 51) Even in that day and age, money equaled power and respect. It’s the truth and good life that are really at stake here. According to Rousseau, even virtue, which is the main purpose of the Enlightenment, will come second to money, so obviously this Enlightenment is not all its cracked up to be. With this luxury, Rousseau claims that all morals are lost. Everything revolves around the almighty dollar. This statement is not to be taken lightly. Especially in today’s day and age, this proves real. Even if an act is one hundred percent in the wrong; if the price is right, that act suddenly becomes the best of deeds. It’s kind of sad to see that material things can control our train of thought. Rousseau finalizes his theory by stating that this luxury, which is the prize of the Enlightenment, is very destructive not only to morals, but political power as well. By using various David and Goliath type battles that occurred throughout history, Rousseau conveys his hypothesis. In those battles it is the luxurious dynasties such as Rome and England, that fall to people who have no clue what riches are. The only thing that those people had were lots of heart, and shear will power. This should be the way of Enlightenment. It is not the books, or paintings that won the revolution for the French, but shear will power and determination; something that no Enlightenment theory could ever give to a person. The next glitch in the Enlightenment way of thought according to Rousseau, is the destruction of military virtues by the arts and sciences. As stated above there is one thing luxury cannot buy, and that is heart. The modern soldier is one who is fulfilled with the luxury the Enlightenment brings, but what happens when that luxury runs out. The enlightened warrior is not accustomed to roughing it. For he is â€Å"crushed by the smallest need, and rebuffed by the least difficulty. † (Rousseau, 55) The â€Å"raw† soldier on the other hand, one who is unaccustomed to this pampered lifestyle, would be more equipped with his will power and determination, and will fair better in a long and bitter struggle. To put this in simpler terms, take for example your average everyday man watching Monday Night Football. During the commercial he likes to change the channel, but what happens if the remote control is missing. A sudden panic emerges and all hell breaks loose. Yet a man who has never had a remote control would calmly get up and change the channel himself without the use of that fantastic luxury. Last but not least is an aspect of the Enlightenment which like the above, is true even today. Rousseau believed that by following the Enlightenment, appearance was everything. By spreading the arts, men would judge a product by appearance alone and not effort, â€Å"One no longer asks if a man is upright, but rather if he is talented; nor of a book if it is useful, but if its well written. Rewards are showered on the witty, and virtue is left without honors. .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc , .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc .postImageUrl , .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc , .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc:hover , .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc:visited , .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc:active { border:0!important; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc:active , .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf211de532abc22165c832ea59d6fe6cc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prints Parades Spheres of All sorts EssayThere are a thousand prizes for noble discourses, but none for noble actions. † It is safe to say that after all of this jargon about Rousseau and his criticisms of the Enlightenment, the French Revolution did and did not implement Enlightenment ideas. The actual Revolution itself applied Rousseau’s criticism on luxury. The rebels were not as powerful in material, but in heart, they totally over shadowed the French hierarchy. On the other hand, everyday life seems to take on the aspects of the Enlightenment. All of the time we see people in school learning math, science, and history. On the streets we see people sporting around in Mercedes Benz, Lexus, and Armani suits. The material things are what makes life go round in this day and age. We see paintings and sculptures gracing the walls of various pieces of architecture. Some of those paintings, only the best, will be honored with prizes and riches and the little man who just enjoys painting will remain a nobody. The rebels in no way, shape, or form applied the Enlightenment to the war. Yet, in the real world the Enlightenment ideas are and will always be the supreme form of knowledge.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Drug Abuse and Depression in Adolescents

Drug Abuse and Depression in Adolescents Free Online Research Papers Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate,insomnia, loss of appetite, anhedonia, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death (Jormer and Coyne 7) . Depression can occur in all types of people, including, the young, the old, the rich, and the poor. Adolescents in particular seem to be at risk for becoming depressed (Jormer and Coyne 20) . Adolescents living in poor neighborhoods may be at an increased risk because of additional problems that poverty may cause. There are, in fact, many things in an adolescent’s life that can contribute to depression, drug abuse being a major factor. Drug abuse is a major cause of depression in adolescents who live in poor neighborhoods. Drug abuse is defined is the habitual use of drugs to alter one’s mood, emotion, or state of consciousness. As a teenager, using drugs can be an easy habit to obtain (Cockett 5) . A teen may begin drug abuse because all of their friends are trying it and the peer pressure is too great to resist. Or maybe the teen is going through a stage in his or her life where they feel the need to experiment with drugs. Adolescents are also known to partake in more risk taking activities. After a teens first drug experience a gateway may be opened for addiction and drug abuse (Cockett 20) . There are signs and symptoms of drug abuse that are noticeable in adolescents. These signs can be noticed in the physical appearance of the adolescent, as well as the adolescent’s emotional state. Physical signs may include serious symptoms such as tremors or something more minor like changes in eating habits (Finding Hope and Health: Alcohol and Drug Abuse and Depression 1) . There may also be noticeable changes in the teen’s academic performance. Drug abuse has been known to lower a person’s work ethic. The result of lowered work ethic is often a significant drop in grades, and also an increase in the number of classes missed (Blackman 2) . Living in a poor neighborhood means living in a poor household. There are many disadvantages to living in poor households. One disadvantage for teens is that they are at a greater risk to become addicted to drugs. This may be because of a lack of parental supervision. Often in poor households there is only one parent present. In these single parent homes it is harder for the parent to make time for their children. This is because they are forced to work low paying jobs with long hours. Another factor that may lead to a lack of supervision is both parents having to go to work and having to work long hours because the family is poor. A parent talking to their children about drugs is a major step in the prevention of drug abuse so if there is a lack of parental supervision this major preventive step may not be taken. Another reason teens in poor households become drug abusers lies in their surroundings. Drugs are easy to access in poor communities. The drugs are easier to acces s because of visible drug dealers so-called â€Å"bad neighborhoods† that often go hand in hand with poverty. If a teen sees these drug deals happening they may become curious and become involved in drug usage, or perhaps even drug sales. It also may seem to be the norm if teens see it all the time (Saxe 1) . Drug abuse in poor households can lead to a depressive state in teens. In poor households there may be a lack of social support. Social support has a major impact on the health of adolescents. There are many ways to produce good health, and central to this process are people, as members of households and members of communities. A lack of social support means that adolescents in impoverished households may not have anyone to talk to about their problems with drugs, which could put them into more of a tailspin. This may cause them to spin out of control and may lead to a depressive state. The surroundings in poor neighborhoods add to lifestyle problems. In homes where poverty is prevalent, there is an increased risk that the family will experience physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. There may also be a family history of drug abuse or other addictions in poverty-stricken homes. Also, if a family is living in poverty, they may already have many other problems and may feel like they are not going anywhere in live. This leads to feelings of hopelessness and may put an adolescent to go down the path of drug abuse and depression (Leukfeld and Bukoski 9) . There are signs and symptoms of depression that are noticeable in teens. The depressed may start to wear a different style of clothing, or may begin to dislike what used to be their favorite activities. There are also emotional changes that occur due to depression. The depressed teen may start to develop a more aggressive personality, or may start to frequently talk about death. The depressed teen may become more prone to conflict, and start to get in trouble with authority figures (Teen Depression 4) . However these symptoms may be difficult for guardians to notice. This is because guardians often discard these signs and treat them as no more then teenage mood swings (Blackman 1) . Blackman states that â€Å"Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood lability, gloomy introspection, great drama and heightened intensity. It is a time of rebellion and behavioral experimentation.† (1) . Another sign that may be noticeable is the academic performance of the teenager. Depression makes the teen have trouble concentrating on their school work. The lack of concentration combined with lower interest levels, results in to a poor academic performance (Teen Depression 3) . There are certain problems regarding depression that arise in poor households. The only way to combat this mental illness is an effective treatment strategy. This is where the problems start. It makes it difficult to treat depression if the underlying problems that cause depression remain. In poor neighborhoods, many of the residents are single parent families. There is a lack of supervision in single parent homes due to the absence of a parent or guardian. Another frequently arising supervision problem is that two parents must work. The two parents are forced to work because there is a shortage of well paying jobs in poor communities (Mallory and Stamler 285) . So both parents must both work low paying jobs in order to provide the necessities for their families. Treatment facilities are an important tool in the battle against depression. In poor neighborhoods there may be basic hospitals, but there may not be any specialized facilities that will better treat depression. T here may also be no access to treatment facilities due to financial barriers. Income and socioeconomic status greatly influence health. The lower the level of income in a family, the more problems there are. An example of this would be the lack of transportation that is available to go to the treatment facilities. Another example of a problem associated with low income families is the low amount of income will not be enough to pay for the specialized treatment. Poor households may also be unable to afford insurance which would cover the treatment or their lower paying jobs may not provide insurance. These factors often leave the depression undetected and therefore untreated (Mallory and Stamler 286) . Depression is a major problem in today’s world. The number of adolescents that are committing suicide is increasing at a rapid rate. Most of these teens that are committing suicide are suffering from depression (Blackman 1) . There is a need to find ways to combat this illness. In order to combat depression, we must first combat some of the problems that cause depression, such as drug abuse (Sharp and Marrs 522) . During recent years the government has been waging a war on drugs. This effort has been somewhat unsuccessful. In order to successfully combat drug abuse we need to address the issue of poverty (Perkins 1) . First of all there needs to be access to good jobs with adequate income, as well as benefits to the employees. We need to create an effective child benefit system to combat poverty in Canadian households. There needs to be more accessible and affordable early learning and childhood programs. These programs must be available so that children can be educat ed and looked after in good quality childcare while their parents work. There is also a need for national affordable housing programs. These housing programs will greatly improve impoverished living conditions. These ideas are possible if our society and government continue to be aware of the major problem of poverty (Mallory and Stamler 287) . Blackman, Maurice. â€Å"You Asked About†¦ Adolescent Depression.† The Canadian Journal of CME May. 1995: 17 pars. 22 Nov. 2005. . Cockett, R. Drug Abuse and Personality in Young Offenders. New York: Appleton- Century-Crofts, 1971. â€Å"Finding Hope and Health: Alcohol and Drug Abuse and Depression.† National Mental Health Association. . Joiner, Thomas, and James Coyne. The Interactional Nature of Depression. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1999. Leukefeld, Carl, and William Bukosi. Drug Abuse Prevention and Intervention Research: Methodological Issues. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991. Mallory, P. and S. Stamler. â€Å"Poverty and Homelessness.† Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective. ED. L. Stamler and L. Yui. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall. Perkins, Anne. â€Å"Drugs War ‘Must Target Poverty’.† The Guardian 29 March 2002: A5. Saxe, Leonard. â€Å"Drug Sales Are More Common in Poor Neighborhoods.† Online posting. 29 Nov. 2001. . Sharp, Kathy Marrs, Joyce. â€Å"Depression: The essentials.† Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 9.5 (2005) : 519-525. â€Å"Teen Depression.† Depression Learning Path. 2005. 24 November 2005 . Research Papers on Drug Abuse and Depression in AdolescentsThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Marketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Friday, November 22, 2019

AltruismJohn F. Kennedy

Which makes me think; of the many different ways people submit there self into that category. For example watching someone be sexually assaulted and stabbed to death outside of an apartment building but never calling the police to help or even attempting to help yourself. That’s what happen to Kitty Genovese and she had thirty-eight witnesses. Why was it that thirty-eight people stood there and watch her murder? Because they were too busy diffusing the responsibility for the simple fact that all these people are around someone must have called. As humans we do that a lot not help someone on the side of the road because they must have someone coming to help, never look at the screaming nose outside you don’t want to get involve, don’t help that person who’s being attack; diffusion of responsibility: Diffusing the responsibility of yourself being involved into a situation that might put you in danger. That seem reasonably but how about when you do something that doesn’t benefit you in anyway but you do it because it makes everyone else happy; this is altruism. Let say someone did go and help Kitty Genovese they could have been seriously injured but Kitty Genovese would have had her life. Altruism is any nice gesture you do for someone else at the expense of yourself it doesn’t mean you can’t satisfaction from your acts. In most cases of altruism you would enjoy it but the con of it is sometimes you can’t say â€Å"No† when you should be saying no. You’re doing what others want you to do when that’s not what’s in your heart to do. All I know is that more people should stand up for others because in any case you would want people to ignore you in your time of need. I can’t really say how to get help but if you’re in danger caught people’s attention, say something important, but most of all caught someone attention. One thing I must say be safe in this crazy world we call earth . AltruismJohn F. Kennedy Which makes me think; of the many different ways people submit there self into that category. For example watching someone be sexually assaulted and stabbed to death outside of an apartment building but never calling the police to help or even attempting to help yourself. That’s what happen to Kitty Genovese and she had thirty-eight witnesses. Why was it that thirty-eight people stood there and watch her murder? Because they were too busy diffusing the responsibility for the simple fact that all these people are around someone must have called. As humans we do that a lot not help someone on the side of the road because they must have someone coming to help, never look at the screaming nose outside you don’t want to get involve, don’t help that person who’s being attack; diffusion of responsibility: Diffusing the responsibility of yourself being involved into a situation that might put you in danger. That seem reasonably but how about when you do something that doesn’t benefit you in anyway but you do it because it makes everyone else happy; this is altruism. Let say someone did go and help Kitty Genovese they could have been seriously injured but Kitty Genovese would have had her life. Altruism is any nice gesture you do for someone else at the expense of yourself it doesn’t mean you can’t satisfaction from your acts. In most cases of altruism you would enjoy it but the con of it is sometimes you can’t say â€Å"No† when you should be saying no. You’re doing what others want you to do when that’s not what’s in your heart to do. All I know is that more people should stand up for others because in any case you would want people to ignore you in your time of need. I can’t really say how to get help but if you’re in danger caught people’s attention, say something important, but most of all caught someone attention. One thing I must say be safe in this crazy world we call earth .

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Multinational buainess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multinational buainess - Essay Example At the present economic environment such theories and models are considered to be very important as the importance of multinational organizations to the global economy has increased significantly. Dunning’s eclectic paradigm theory is one of the most widely discussed theories in the world of international production. This paper attempts to present a clear description of this theory and several of its dimensions. The paper also includes a proper analysis of the criticisms that the Dunning’s model has faced over the years. There are several other theories on the similar subject and Dunning’s theory can be compared with those to analysis the effectiveness of it. This paper includes such a comparative analysis that is likely to help an individual to have a clear conception regarding the entire picture of such theories. Academic Literature John H Dunning is famous in the international business arena for his ‘Eclectic Paradigm’ theory. It is actually the i ntegration of several theories on internationalization. It covers many mainstream theories such as Ohlin and Heckscher’s ‘factor endowment theory’, Coase’s ‘trasaction cost theory’, Hymer’s ‘monopolistic advantage theory’ and ‘internalization theory’ of Casson and Buckley. In 1976, Dunning presented the core concept of eclectic paradigm at Nobel Symposium which is located in Stockholm. The theory explains precisely why a firm should go global. Dunning attempted to provide a clear and complete explanation regarding international production. He has consistently supplemented and improved his theory in accordance to various developments in the global economic environment and also in accordance to several constructive criticisms. Dunning opined that there are three conditions that have significant influence over the firm’s decision regarding transnational production. In other words, a firm will involve in â⠂¬Ëœinternational production’ if these three conditions are met. The three conditions are 1) ‘ownership-specific advantages’, 2) ‘internalization advantages’ and 3) ‘location specific advantages’ (Dicken, 2007). Each of them is properly described below. Ownership-Specific Advantages According to Dunning, an organization must have some ownership specific advantages which are not possessed by the rival organizations of other countries. The basis of this theory of Dunning lies in the ‘Monopolistic Advantage Theory’ that was developed by Hymer. According to Dunning, ownership specific advantages â€Å"must be sufficient to compensate for the costs of setting up and operating a foreign value-adding operation in addition to those faced by indigenous producers or potential producers† (Dunning, 1981). These advantages are like ‘internal assets’ of a firm which is the sole owner of them. Ownership specific advanta ges can be gained from the factors like technology, knowledge, internal brands, human resources etc. (Dicken, 2007). In the words of Dunning, ownership specific advantages â€Å"need not arise from multinationality† (Perry, 1992). These advantages

Monday, November 18, 2019

Supply and Demand of Online Music Streaming Essay

Supply and Demand of Online Music Streaming - Essay Example Now, people can access their favorite music through internet by paying no or comparatively low prices to the suppliers. (Amberg, and Schrà ¶der. 2007). The online music industry is experiencing another revolution phase due to the development of technology and invention of Smartphones with a capacity to run online streaming any where through 4G connection. Initially, online paid music downloading facility was provided by the Apple’s iTunes in 2003, but it was a cumbersome task to download the music and then run it, therefore the online music industry players had started to develop such applications and platforms, where people can directly stream their favorite music without keeping them in their PCs or Mobile phones storage. For this purpose, online radio platforms, i.e. Pandora and Spotify have been developed to provide an online streaming facility to the music lovers over their computers and Smartphones. Streaming services are providing almost all sorts of music to their customers and people can access more than million of songs through a single click. Online radios, like Pandora and iTunes Radio, have chosen what the custo mers want to hear and these firms generate their revenues through advertisements. Whereas, other firms like Deezer and Spotify, offer a collection of 20 to 30 million songs on annual or monthly subscription basis and charge premium prices to their customers. Due to these changes the sales of record labels have decreased by 4% as compared to the last year, where on the other hand online streaming firms like Spotify has earned more than $1 billion in revenues. (Bhattacharjee, Gopal, Lertwachara, and Marsden. 2007). However, the overall online streaming industry was accounted for 21% of the total music industry revenues in 2013, which showed a very rapid growth in last 5 years. ( Hodgkins, 2014) Due to the high trend of Smartphones and development in the mobile phone services sector, i.e. the

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Examination of the Literature Review Essay Example for Free

Examination of the Literature Review Essay I selected Guidetti and Tham’s (2002) paper because I am fascinated by the work of occupational therapists. They are tasked, by the nature of their profession, to assist people with impairments or disabilities in achieving competence in their daily activities and consequently, they empower these individuals to grab hold of their limitations and transform them in a fashion that nurtures their sense of control and brings peace of mind to their loved ones who lives with them. The paper sought to elucidate the strategies utilized by occupational therapists in their self-care intervention process with neurologically-impaired clients, specifically those who had had stroke or spinal cord injury. The study tapped the qualitative research design. Specifically, it employed a modified phenomenology approach called EPP (empirical, phenomenological, psychological) method in generating and analyzing the data. The purpose of EPP method is â€Å"to describe the essence, structure and character of the studied phenomenon† (Guidetti Tham, 2002, p. 260). Although it informs the research question, the literature review (as well as the reference list) is not sufficient to build a platform for the â€Å"need to provide a definition and description of the concept of self-training and the typical therapeutic strategies used by therapists† (Guidetti Tham, 2002, p. 258). It lacks relevant scientific texts. It is understandable that there is no existing study on the subject, but there is more scientific information in the literature about the therapeutic strategies in adjacent fields which could add valuable background to the introductory problem identification as well as to the incisive discussion of the results later on. In the introduction section, the scholars presented the important variables of the research question finely (i. e. , meaning of self-care, therapeutic strategies), but failed to include a review of empirical literature, simply stating that â€Å"there is a lack of empirical studies identifying the therapeutic strategies in self-care training† (Guidetti Tham, 2002, p. 258). Although the statement may be correct, there are still many relevant studies worth reviewing that would guide the inquiry. It may not necessarily be those on self-care therapeutic strategies utilized by occupational therapist with persons who have neurological disorders, but also those studies on strategies used by the same professionals on rehabilitating persons with orthopedic injuries, lymphedema or amputees which do not specifically addressed the phenomenon, but may have implications for the study. In addition, the physical therapy literature on similar issues could also add important insights. A look at the reference list of the article reveals that it is limited in three ways. First, five of the papers in this list were written by either one of the same two authors, in collaboration with other scholars. Second, there are only three occupational therapy journals where they garnered articles for the review (i. e. , Occupational Therapy International, American Journal of Occupational Therapy, and Clinical Rehabilitation). Finally, the doctoral dissertations/theses reviewed in the paper came only from Sweden. This is not ideal especially in a journal with international circulation. The authors could have scoured articles from other journals of similar discipline that are available like British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Journal of Occupational Science, OT Practice, International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Journal of Integrated Care, etc. Further, they could have utilized the abstracts available in the Dissertation Abstracts International to offset the Swedish-focused dissertation reviews in the study. In qualitative studies, an in-depth, exploratory literature review is vital to discover what currently exists in the body of knowledge about the concerned phenomenon (Taylor Bogdan, 1998). Thus, the article’s literature review and reference list in this regard only supported halfway the research question. Much could have been done. References Guidetti, S. , Tham, K. (2002). Therapeutic strategies used by occupational therapists in self-care training: A qualitative study. Occupational Therapy International, 9(4), 257-276. Taylor, S. J. , Bogdan, R. (1998). Introduction to qualitative research methods (3rd ed. ). New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Essay --

Evan Smeenge Professor Stabler HST 303 01/31/14 From Ideal to Destruction John Gast’s painting titled American Progress perfectly portrays the idea of manifest destiny that engulfed the minds of Americans. Portrayed in the right side of the painting is indubitable western influence with boats, a bridge in the distance, and trains with little or no track in front of them which allows the mind to conclude the newcomers are pushing west. In the middle of the landscape are horses, buggies, and covered wagons, showing a slight increase in modernity compared to what is shown in the far left of the painting, Indians or better known by 18th and 19th century Europeans as savages. Gast also places the portrayal of western influence in the light portion of the piece, and the old primitive way of live portrayed by savages on the dark side of the piece. This is not coincidence, primitive behavior was viewed as improper and it needed enlightenment this is precisely what Gast presents in American Progress. In the bottom left corner an animal shows its teeth, which could be a signal of the dangers to moving west. What is probably noticed first however is the woman in the center of the painting. The angel, the guiding light of Manifest Destiny the one who is bringing the light that you see so prominently in the right side of the painting. Manifest Destiny was thought of as God’s call to bring western enlightenment to the west. Those who were enlightened and civilizations created by those who were enlightened were viewed as utopian. However, eleven years before Gast painted American Progress was the start of a war that rattled America. Westward expansion and subsequent acquisition of the west was fought over and the utopian ideal Gast portrays was... ...h and the South wanted the territory for themselves. The North wanted to expand its industrial fingers to better their economy, but the South wanted more land for plantations to also better their economy. First, the Wilmot Proviso established popular sovereignty as the new factor that decided what side was going to obtain the land. This angered the South because they were frightened that their voice would be lost, and subsequently slavery would be demolished. However, the North felt anger after Stephen Douglass proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and allowed any white male settler to decide if the new territory would be slave or free. With Southern white men trying to make the territories slave territories, the North were furious and started bleeding Kansas, which arguably was the spark that ignited the Civil War.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Cultural Sensitivity Paper Essay

The culture that I have chosen to write about for this paper is the culture of India. It can be both a demographic culture and a spiritual culture, depending on the particular beliefs of the client. The people of India have multiple beliefs about health. India has both conventional and traditional beliefs about medicine and illness. Food and religion are giant factors when it comes to certain Hindu people, depending on his/her personal beliefs. People from Indian culture hold the preparation of food and the food itself in very high esteem. An exercise of Indian culture that is widely accepted includes only eating certain types of foods, not eating certain foods during illness or not eating any food at all according to the type of illness contracted. This practice is called â€Å"apathyam and pathyam† (in Sanskrit). It has also been said that if this practice is followed correctly than the majority of diseases and illnesses can go without being treated by medicine. Religion is also a major part of the culture in India when it pertains to disease and caring for illness. The majority of the people living in India practice Hinduism. According to most Indian religions, the people believe that it is vital to bathe regularly under running water. This can be problematic for patients that are confined to the bed or that have urinary catheters or colostomy bags because he or she may feel â€Å"unclean† and in some cases believe that he/she is unworthy to pray. Vegetarianism, meditation or prayer, and karma are other facets of Hinduism that might affect one’s beliefs about illness and seeking care or illness. Each caretaker for a person of Indian culture or someone that practices Hinduism must be aware of the practices and traditions concerned with both and must be willing to provide sensitive care accordingly. This can majorly affect whether or not an individual will choose to seek care. If a client thinks that their caretaker will not be willing to assist him/ her according to their cultural or religious beliefs, the client may chose not to s eek care at all, which could negatively benefit them. The main concern would be to let the client know that you are willing to abide by and care for them in accordance to the client’s beliefs. If the caretaker is unaware of some of the stipulations, the caretaker should be unafraid to ask. Most times the client will be happy to help give you the knowledge you may need to care for him/her. As a caregiver for a person of Indian culture or who has a strong Hindu belief system I would be interested to know the details of â€Å"apathyam and pathyam† so that I could respectfully assist them with the clients diet if he/she becomes ill. I would also assist them in any way I could with bathing so that the client could feel like he/she is â€Å"clean† enough to practice prayer or meditation freely. Knowledge about client’s personal beliefs is vitally important to the extremely personal role a caregiver could play in a client’s life.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Cultural and Ethnic Diversity Essay

The different beliefs, characteristics and looks of different ethnicities give more diversities in a place. The differences in cultures create color in every region. It allows people to understand each other and respect each other’s differences and beliefs. On the other hand, these differences are emphasized too much that instead of being the key to a harmonious living, leads to gaps, differences and even fights (Singelis 4). In a certain region, diversity is inevitable especially in a place like the United States. The United States is the melting pot of many cultures. Over the years, the country has become the destination of people from all over the world to achieve their dream. It seems that each state has its own taste of a different culture. Aside from that, immigrants have slowly settled in the country making it much more diversified. You wouldn’t be surprised that there is a little China Town in every state. There is also a growing number of Muslims in the country. This is a good sign for us as it shows that the war does not hinder our Muslims brothers to reside in our country. They are also given the freedom to stay here whenever they want. Other nationalities such as Filipinos, Indians, Japanese and Koreans have chosen to stay in the Land of the Dreamers. The Americans are known for their quest in reaching our dreams. And that is probably one of their best attributes. It is also probably one of the reasons why a lot of people choose to settle here. They too think that they will reach their dreams by going to America. Despite the diversity that has evolved in our culture, there is still this distinct American taste that is present is the American culture. This distinction in each culture paves way for people to know each other. (Singelis 152) Each culture, ethnicity is proud of its heritage. American families, for example, are very particular in implementing the American culture. American parents taught their children to love their country and have pride that we are Americans. This is, after all, the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave. Our families teach us to be good Americans by passing on the value of citizenship, American holiday celebrations and traditions, leadership, entrepreneurship, competition and positive attitude. On the other hand, each culture is like that. The media plays a huge role in exposing the differences in each culture. Movies, documentaries all feature distinct qualities of each culture. These differences are somehow exposed in wrong way. Most of the time, cultures are perceived based from what people hear about them. I really think that the differences in cultures and ethnicities are given too much emphasis without being aware of it. In effect, this led to conflicts and gaps between cultures. It is a sad fact that instead of being united especially in these times of crisis, we are still separated by our personal beliefs. The media would be a really good help in promoting unity. It would help if similarities are focused and if people will be taught to respect one another’s beliefs too. A good example of this would be the movie Gran Torino. The movie is about an American old guy who lives near a bunch of Hmong people. Hmongs are people from China, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand who came to the United States to find their fortune. They decided to live altogether in one neighbor so that they too can perform their traditions and gather often. The American guy and some of the Hong’s turned out to be true friends and depended on each other. It was good to see the culture of the Hmongs in the movie. It was an eye-opener to many of those who have watched it. The only similarity between the American and the Hmongs was that they both wanted to live peacefully. It happened when they got to know each other and respected their own beliefs (The Gran Torino 1). Movies like Gran Torino should be featured more often. I think it is a good thing to showcase the different distinction of each culture especially the minorities. These minorities deserve their recognition from the world. Maybe with given much time, people should get to know the history, beliefs and traditions of the many cultures and ethnicities especially if they are just in the neighborhood. It is good to know that we are uniting for the sake of living peacefully and harmoniously. Work Cited Singelis, Theodore. Teaching about Culture, Ethnicity and Diversity: Exercise and Planned Activities. California: SAGE Publishing, 1998. â€Å"The Gran Torino. † 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2009 .

Thursday, November 7, 2019

10 Facts About Chongqing, China

10 Facts About Chongqing, China Chongqing is one of Chinas four direct-controlled municipalities (the others are Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin). It is the largest of the municipalities by area and it is the only one that is located far away from the coast. Chongqing is located in southwestern China within Sichuan Province and shares borders with Shaanxi, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces. The city is known as being an important economic center along the Yangtze River as well as a historical and cultural center for the country of China. Population: 31,442,300 (2007 estimate)Land area: 31,766 square miles (82,300 sq km)Average elevation: 1,312 feet (400 m)Date of creation: March 14, 1997 10 Must-Know Facts Chongqing has a long history and historical evidence shows that the region was originally a state belonging to the Ba People and that it was established in the 11th century B.C.E. In 316 B.C.E., the area was taken over by the Qin and at that time a city called Jiang was built there and the region the city was in was known as the Chu Prefecture. The area was then renamed two more times in 581 and 1102 C.E.In 1189 C.E. Chongqing got its current name. In 1362 during Chinas Yuan Dynasty, a peasant rebel named Ming Yuzhen formed the Daxia Kingdom in the region. In 1621 Chongqing became the capital of the kingdom of Daliang (during Chinas Ming Dynasty). From 1627 to 1645, much of China was unstable as the Ming Dynasty began to lose its power and during that time, Chongqing and Sichuan Province were taken over by the rebels overthrowing the dynasty. Shortly thereafter the Qing Dynasty took control of China and immigration to the Chongqing area increased.In 1891 Chongqing became an important economic center in China as it became the first inland open to trade from outside China. In 1929 it became a municipality of the Republic of China and during the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945, it was attacked heavily by the Japanese Air Force. However much of the city was protected from damage because of its rugged, mountainous terrain. As a result of this natural protection, many of Chinas factories were moved to Chongqing and it quickly grew into an important industrial city. In 1954 the city became a sub-provincial city within Sichuan Province under the Peoples Republic of China. On March 14, 1997, however, the city was merged with the neighboring districts of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang and it was separated from Sichuan to form Chongqing Municipality, one of Chinas four direct-controlled municipalities.Today Chongqing is one of the most important economic centers in western China. It also has a diversified economy with major industries in processed food, automobile manufacturing, chemicals, textiles, machinery, and electronics. The city is also the largest area for the manufacture of motorcycles in China.As of 2007, Chongqing had a total population of 31,442,300 people. 3.9 million of these people live and work in the urban areas of the city while the majority of the people are farmers working in areas outside the urban core. In addition, there is a large number of people who are registered as residents of Chongqing with Chinas National Bureau of Sta tistics of China, but they have not yet officially moved into the city. Chongqing is located in western China at the end of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The region of Chongqing also includes several mountain ranges. These are the Daba Mountains in the north, the Wu Mountains in the east, the Wuling Mountains in the southeast and the Dalou Mountains in the south. Because of all of these mountain ranges, Chongqing has a hilly, varied topography and the average elevation of the city is 1,312 feet (400 m).Part of Chongqings early development as an economic center of China is due to its geographic location on large rivers. The city is intersected by the Jialing River as well as the Yangtze River. This location allowed the city to develop into an easily accessible manufacturing and trading center.The municipality of Chongqing is divided into several different subdivisions for local administrations. There are for example 19 districts, 17 counties and four autonomous counties within Chongqing. The total area of the city is 31,766 square miles (82,300 sq km) and m ost of it consists of rural farmland outside of the urban core. The climate of Chongqing is considered humid subtropical and it has four distinct seasons. Summers are very hot and humid while winters are short and mild. The average August high temperature for Chongqing is 92.5ËšF (33.6ËšC) and the average January low temperature is 43ËšF (6ËšC). Most of the citys precipitation falls during the summer and since it is located Sichuan Basin along the Yangtze River cloudy or foggy conditions are not uncommon. The city is nicknamed the Fog Capital of China. Reference Wikipedia.org. (23 May 2011). Chongqing - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Popular Culture - Essay Example In most cases, popular culture is used to refer to the cultures of low class citizens as opposed to the official culture of the high in the society. TV shows and other forms of mass media are often used to depict how people in a certain society are expected to behave (Ashby, 2010). Grey’s Anatomy is about the lives of surgical interns who are residents of a fictional hospital known as Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital. The series shows the interns as they evolve into experienced doctors under the care of their more experienced mentors. Although the show revolves around the everyday lives of the doctors, it is worth noting that much emphasis is put on their personal lives as opposed to their professional sides. A typical day starts with the interns arguing about who should take care of a certain patient. This ends after the intervention of a hospital superior who is charged with the responsibility of assigning duties to the interns. The main theme of the series is the interacti ons that take place between patients and the doctors as well co-workers (Rhimes, 2005). On the other hand, Family Guy is about the adventures faced by Peter Griffin’s family. Griffin is an American- Irish catholic, a blue-collar worker and has a well-known Rhode Island. In addition, he speaks with a deep Eastern Massachusetts accent. His wife is known as Lois, a homemaker who plays piano. The two have three children, a teenage daughter by the name of Meg. Chris is their teenage and overweight son who resembles his father in several ways. Stewie is the youngest son but he has adult mannerisms. In addition, they have a dog by the name of Brian, who has anthropomorphic characteristics and can engage in human conversations as well as drink martinis (MacFarlane, 1998). Similarities The two TV series are based on relationships between people in a family setting and among friends. Although Family Guy focuses on the lives of the Griffin family, it is of paramount importance to note t hat the relationship between the family and their neighbors is highly explored (MacFarlane, 1998). In Grey’s Anatomy, the resident interns are like a family because they have to stay together until they done with their internship (Rhimes, 2005). Relationships are not easy in the two series because of the differences that exist between the characters. The interns are always arguing about the patient one will attend to and this is evident when Griffin is not happy with the paraplegic police officer, Joe Swanson. This happens despite the fact that Swanson has not done anything wrong to the Griffin’s family, but he is told that he is unwelcome in their restaurant. In addition, family feuds are evident as seen in the way the Griffin’s treat Meg. This is because they believe that she is timid and unable to fit in school. Although Stewie is the youngest, he is considered more intelligent than his elder siblings. Moreover, Brian, the dog is held in high esteem than Meg and Chris despite the fact that the latter resembles his father in several aspects (MacFarlane, 1998). Just as the hospital superiors are the heads of the interns in the hospital, Griffin is the head of his family. The superiors make most of the decisions irrespective of what the interns want. Whenever they find the interns arguing about patients, they do not take time to consult the interns before coming up with a solution (Rhimes, 2005). On the same note, ideas from Meg and Chris are not welcome to the family because

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Strategic Management Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management Assignment - Essay Example b) In the case of a university of your choice, state what you believe to be their core competences and how they show themselves to their several stakeholders. Â  (15 marks) In the pursuit of its mission, all universities must be committed to holistic development of human being and to uphold truth, virtue, character formation, personal integrity and academic excellence. All universities for that matter must have its vision, mission and statement of purpose. They must all have competencies in administration, instruction, research and extension services. This is true to all universities who are mandated to follow and maintain accredited standards and rules that are set by government to ensure that they will perform and function in accordance to constitutional, legal and executive orders. Universities, as center for excellence, should not only be perceived of its educational services but also as a melting pot for tourism, sports, arts, humanities and culture. It’s a social struct ure which helps the country develop human resources to contribute for development, peacebuilding, understanding an appreciation of diversity, and as resource-engine for national growth. The measure of its performance achievement is the number of students who passed and top the bar, government licensure examinations, and its contribution to social developments through research and extension of services. The academe’s competencies provide an integrated approach and system for quality education to promote national identity, cultural consciousness and moral integrity. Graduates of these universities are human resource supply to required regional and national manpower for national development. It must also pioneer in research and extension to lead economic upliftment of communities so that people will lead superior lives. In addition to its traditional function, universities should promote and accelerate integration of graduates to the mainstream of national body politics. Hence, it must also actuate as tool for national policy formulation in addition to its traditional function as an institution of higher learning. Question 5 George Hull is the Chief Executive of a growing industrial company developing and marketing its own products for the brush making machinery, government defense and mobile phone industries in UK. Until now, Hull has organised the company on Functional lines but is having doubts that this structure will serve his new strategy for growth in each market sector. a. What is a Functional organisation and what advantages and disadvantages do you believe this structure possesses when looking to further grow the business. (10 marks) Functional organization emphasizes the role of top positions throughout the business structures to deal with business’ problems and its functional authority restricts itself to guide all departments to ensure performance quality and uniformity in its operations. Often authorities are specialists appointed to m anage relevant or key positions. For instance, a managing director or marketing director is designated to